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Both the population data and the boundary information are downloaded from Statistics Canada.
Population Data: "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census divisions, 2011 and 2006 censuses" http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=701&SR=51&S=0&O=D&RPP=25&PR=0&CMA=0
Boundary data: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/geo/bound-limit/bound-limit-2011-eng.cfm (I have clipped out the northern area to keep it within bbox = c(-155, 35, -45, 74))